Striving toward one’s psychological potential and toward balance in one’s life and happiness (perhaps noting a positive psychology approach) might bring one closer to optimal PWB. Many individuals will identify their PWB as being on the wellness side of the continuum. PWB can range on a continuum from the absence of well-being, identified as ill health or even mental illness in some cases, to optimal well-being, perhaps having attained the state of self-actualization described by Abraham Maslow. The Roman poet Juvenal was correct in that mens sana in corpore sano (“a sound mind in a healthy body”) is most desirable. However, research indicates physical well-being should be considered as well in evaluating PWB. Ed Diener suggested that SWB is comprised of the presence of positive affect, the absence of negative affect, and high levels of life satisfaction. Subjective well-being (SWB) can be addressed from a primarily psychological perspective. A monistic perspective, wherein it is recognized that physical well-being and PWB are integrally interrelated, is preferable. PWB encompasses the person’s perspective on life, including not only perceptions of physical health but also of self-esteem, self-efficacy, relationships with others, and satisfaction with life. At the risk of being dualistic and separating physical well-being from PWB, it is helpful to note that physical well-being encompasses physical health, including disease states, fitness level, and ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL). Psychological well-being (PWB) is defined as one’s level of psychological happiness/health, encompassing life satisfaction, and feelings of accomplishment.

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